Jan 6th, 2012
Literature 2012
Literature Archive: 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
————————————————————————————————————————–
10 May 2012
Mártonfiová L. 2012 [“2011”]: Comparison of breeding behaviour of Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia and Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (Asteraceae). – Thaiszia 21: 177–184.
Abstract:
“All three basic breeding systems – allogamy, autogamy and apomixis – are found in the genus Taraxacum. Most Taraxacum sections combine both sexual and asexual way of reproduction. Two of these sections have wide distribution across Europe – the sections Ruderalia and Erythrosperma. Different life strategies in these sections lead to differences in their breeding systems: In the section Erythrosperma, when compared with Ruderalia, stronger tendency to autogamy in diploids, lower pollen production by triploids and their lower crossability with diploid sexuals is found. This reflects lower population density and the existence of dandelions from the sect. Erythrosperma in stable communities. In the section Ruderalia wide range of habitats with frequently changing conditions implies permanent necessity to generate new variability and to spread it through new triploid genotypes. It is assured by high crossability and possible gene flow to higher ploidy levels. In the paper, diploid individuals of Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma with pollen grains with different sizes in diameter are reported, too. This phenomenon is rather unusual in diploid sexuals.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
5 May 2012
Uhlemann I. 2012 [“2011”]: New species of the genus Taraxacum (Asteraceae) from Germany II. – Schlechtendalia 24: 13-20.
Abstract:
“Two new species ofthe genus Taraxacum (Asteraceae) are described: T. brettfeldii Uhlemann and T. saxonicum Uhlemann. Both species belong to the section Ruderalia. A list of localities, specimens seen and the distribution maps are presented for each taxon.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
5 May 2012
Yıldırımlı S. 2012: Four new species of Asteraceae family from Turkey. – Ot Sist. Bot. Dergesi 18(2): 1-24.
Abstract:
“Four new species of Asteraceae family, Eclipta turkica Yıld., Helichrysum yuksekovaense Yıld., Klasea turkica Yıld., Scorzonera kurtii Yıld. from Turkey, Osmaniye, Hakkari, Konya and Van respectively, are described and illustrated.”————————————————————————————————————————–
27 April 2012
Scartezzini F., Fusani P., Aiello N. & Vender C. 2012: Domestication of Alpine blue-sow-thistle (Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr.): six year trial results. – Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 59: 465–471.
Abstract:
“Alpine blue-sow-thistle (Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr.) is a perennial herb distributed all along the entire Alpine Arc, the shoots of which are still collected in the wild in several areas of Northern-Eastern Italy for food purposes. Our paper deals with experiments of domestication of this species carried out in the surroundings of Trento and lasted from 2004 to 2010. The cultivation was carried out transplanting seedlings, obtained by wild seed of a unique accession. One experimental trial (2004/2008) was carried in the location Frisanchi, located at 1,078 m a.s.l. In this trial the theses compared 4 harvests, 1 week spaced, carried out respectively in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th year after the transplant. Of the total quantity harvested after 4 years, the most shoots (60) and the highest dried weight per m2 (14 g) were obtained from shoots collected 2 or 3 years after being transplanted. However, comparing the shoots yielded in the last year of the trial only (2008), the best results were obtained from 3 or 4-year-old transplants (42 shoots/m2; 8.2 g dry weight). Nevertheless there four times harvesting of shoots weakened the plants’ development and a high failure rates was recorded. In addition to the real experimental trial another small cultivation was carried out in an higher location, Monte Bondone at 1,500 m a.s.l., in which 5 years after the transplant (2010) only 2 harvests were carried out. In this experiment the yield recorded was very encouraging (10.5 g m2) and also the quality of the shoots collected was good.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
24 April 2012
Šuvada R., Mártonfi P. & Mártonfiová L. 2012: Differentiation of diploid and triploid taxa within Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (Asteraceae) from the Pannonian Region. – Folia Geobot. 47: 69–91.
Abstract:
“Six taxa of the genus Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma were analyzed morphometrically using multivariate methods. A total of 391 specimens from Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic and Austria were studied. This study aimed to explore if leaf shape can be used to differentiate diploids and triploids, to verify if triploid microspecies deserve separate taxonomic status, and if the diploid plants can be divided into phenotype groups. The analysis of leaf-shape variability revealed no notable difference between diploid and triploid plants. The analysis of the triploid microspecies T. cristatum, T. danubium, T. parnassicum, T. princeps and T. proximum s.l. resulted in their differentiation into separate groups. For differentiation, the characters with a higher determination value were employed, especially the shape of a terminal leaf lobe, the position of outer bracts, the number of lateral lobes and their termination. Analyzing a very variable diploid species T. erythrospermum enabled the definition of four basic phenotypes based on leaf shape. The phenotypes differed in leaf size and shape in relation to environmental factors such as intensity of light, nutrients, moisture, or disturbance. In conclusion, to evaluate the taxonomic status of particular taxa within Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma it is inevitable to understand the complex leaf-shape variability, being a result of both genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
18 April 2012
Kilian N., Djavadi S. B. & Eskandari M. 2012: Two new mountainous species of Lactuca (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) from Iran, one presenting a new, possibly myrmecochorous achene variant. – PhytoKeys 11: 61–77.
Abstract:
“It is shown that the concept of the Iranian endemic Lactuca polyclada in the sense of both its original author Boissier and its current use actually admixes two entirely different species, as was first noted by Beauverd a hundred years ago but has been neglected by later workers. One is a putative relative of L. rosularis, the other was recognised by Beauverd as a member of the genus Cicerbita. The name L. polyclada Boiss. is lectotypified here, maintaining its use as established by Beauverd for the Cicerbita species. Both species are morphologically delimited and mature achenes of Cicerbita polyclada are illustrated for the first time. The putative relative of Lactuca rosularis, a rare local endemic of the summit area of Kuh e-Dena, which has remained without a valid name by now, is described as a new species, Lactuca denaensis N. Kilian & Djavadi, and illustrated. A third member of the Lactuca rosularis group, L. hazaranensis Djavadi & N. Kilian, discovered among a recent collection and apparently being a rare chasmophyte of the Hazaran mountain massif in the province of Kerman, Iran, is described as a species new to science, illustrated and delimited from the other two species. This new species has peculiar achenes representing a hitherto unknown variant: the body of the beaked achenes is divided into two segments by a transversal constriction in the distal third. The proximal segment contains the embryo, the distal segment is solid with a lipid-containing yellow tissue. The easily detachable pappus and the equally easily detachable beak potentially obstruct dispersal by wind. Since detachment of the beak also exposes the lipid-containing tissue of the distal segment, its potential as an elaiosome and myrmecochory as a possible mode of dispersal are discussed.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
17 April 2012
Nakamuraa K., Chung K.-F., Huang C.-J., Kono Y., Kokubugata G. & Peng C.-I. 2012: Extreme habitats that emerged in the Pleistocene triggered divergence of weedy Youngia (Asteraceae) in Taiwan. – Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 63: 486–499.
Abstract:
“Weeds with broad distributions and large morphological variation are challenging for systematists and evolutionarily intriguing because their intensive dispersal would likely prevent local morphological differentiation. Study on weeds will help to understand divergence in plants unlikely to be affected by geographical and ecological barriers. We studied Youngia japonica based on nrDNA and cpDNA sequences. This is a widespread native in Asia and invasive worldwide; nevertheless, three subspecies (japonica, longiflora, and formosana) and an undescribed variant occur in Taiwan.
Bayesian and the most parsimonious phylogenies revealed that subspecies longiflora is a different linage and independently arrived in Taiwan during the Pleistocene via land connection to the Asian Continent. Bayesian time estimation suggested that Youngia in Taiwan diverged in the lower Pleistocene or more recently. Extreme habitats that emerged in the Pleistocene, i.e., cold mountain ranges for subspecies formosana and xeric, raised coral reefs for the undescribed Youngia variant probably had triggered the divergence.
Components of Youngia in Taiwan are not monophyletic; a coalescent-based test suggested incomplete lineage sorting. Nevertheless, the samples within each taxon share unique morphological features suggesting a common gene pool and each taxon has different dominant ITS and/or cpDNA types; these conditions suggest ongoing process toward monophyly via coalescent processes and support the delimitation of intraspecific taxa.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
17 April 2012
Stachurska-Swakoń A., Cieślak E. & Ronikier M. 2012: Phylogeography of subalpine tall-herb species in Central Europe: the case of Cicerbita alpina. – Preslia 84: 121–140.
Abstract:
“Cicerbita alpina was selected to elucidate the phylogeography of tall-herb species, an ecological group whose Quaternary history is rarely addressed. This species is a typical component of subalpine herbaceous communities in the mountains of Europe. Samples collected for this study comprised the entire range of species, with a focus on those in the Carpathians. The analysis based on AFLP fingerprinting revealed a lack of a strong phylogeographical structure implying that the different parts of the present-day range have not been isolated for a long period of time probably due to the biological characteristics of the species, such as its ability to disperse over great distances. However, the genetic structure indicates some phylogeographical trends, which may reflect traces of survival in local refugia and subsequent diversification into separate lineages during the last glacial period. Within the Carpathians, the division into the Western and South-Eastern Carpathian population groups is apparent. This division is maintained at a larger scale. In particular, the South-Eastern Carpathian group is similar to the Balkan populations, while the Western Carpathian populations are closely related to those in the Eastern Alps and Sudetes. The Scandinavian populations also have a genetic affinity with the latter group and originated from a source in the Eastern Alps or Western Carpathians, presumably via a stepping stone in a northern refugium.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
30 March 2012
Slovák M., Kučera J., Marhold K. & Zozomová-Lihová J. 2012: The morphological and genetic variation in the polymorphic species Picris hieracioides (Compositae, Lactuceae) in Europe strongly contrasts with traditional taxonomical concepts. – Syst. Bot. 37: 258–278.
Abstract:
“The present paper provides a large-scale taxonomic revision of Picris hieracioides, a highly polymorphic and taxonomically controversial species in Europe. Altogether, 104 populations were sampled and examined using multivariate morphometrics and genetic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data. Two morphotypes are delimited, the ‘higher altitude’ and the ‘lower altitude’ morphotypes, which are congruent with the two main genetic groupings revealed by AFLP markers. It is concluded that two subspecies should be recognized within this species, P. hieracioides subsp. hieracioides, comprising annual to biennial plants occupying dry, sunny, often man-made habitats at low altitudes, and P. hieracioides subsp. umbellata, being mostly a short-lived perennial that grows in mesic, semi-natural or natural habitats at higher altitudes. This infraspecific treatment strongly contrasts with the traditional taxonomic concepts, which recognize up to 10 subspecies of P. hieracioides in Europe. An identification key and a nomenclatural account are presented, including the designation of lectotypes. Picris hieracioides harbors large genetic variation, and two lineages can be recognized within each subspecies, most likely reflecting their glacial survival and postglacial colonization routes. Long-distance dispersals, anthropogenic introductions and recent spread are suggested to have shaped their genetic structure as well. A Balkan endemic P. hispidissima, although morphologically and ecologically well defined, appears to be genetically close to P. hieracioides. ”
————————————————————————————————————————–
30 March 2012
Kim S.-C. 2012: Mapping unexplored genomes II: genetic architecture of species differences in the woody Sonchus alliance (Asteraceae) in the Macaronesian Islands. – J. Pl. Res. 125: 125–136.
Abstract:
“Despite numerous, well-documented evolutionary histories of plant groups which underwent rapid radiation in various oceanic archipelagos, very little is known about the genetic basis of species differences and adaptive radiation. This paper represents the first such study in the Macaronesian Islands using non-model endemic plants, the woody Sonchus alliance. Here I inferred the genetic basis of species differences between two Canary Island endemics, the herbaceous perennial, shade tolerant Lactucosonchus webbii and the woody, coastal desert perennial Sonchus radicatus by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using AFLP markers. A total of 23 QTL (7.3–23.8% PVE; phenotypic variance explained) for 11 morphological traits were found, one for flowering time (31% PVE), and five QTL (7–10.7% PVE) for two physiological traits (intrinsic water use efficiency and stomatal conductance). Interpreted cautiously, these results suggest that major morphological and some physiological differences between the two species are controlled by numerous genes with small to moderate effect. This implies that major morphological changes in island plants can be more complex than suggested by other studies, such as in Tetramolopium in the Hawaiian Islands. The genetic basis of arborescence on islands, one of the most spectacular convergent features of plants across different lineages and archipelagos, is also discussed.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
29 March 2012
Enke N., Gemeinholzer B. & Zidorn C. 2012: Molecular and phytochemical systematics of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). – Org. Divers. Evol. 12: 1–16.
Abstract:
“The systematics of the Hypochaeridinae subtribe was re-evaluated based on a combination of published and new molecular data. Newly found clades were additionally characterized using published and new phytochemical data. In addition to flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones, which had been reviewed recently as chemosystematic markers in the Cichorieae, we analysed the reported occurrences of caffeic acid derivatives and their potential as chemosystematic markers. Our molecular results required further changes in the systematics of the genus Leontodon. Based on previous molecular data, Leontodon s.l.—i.e. including sections Asterothrix, Leontodon, Thrincia, Kalbfussia, and Oporinia (Widder 1975)—had been split into the genera Leontodon s.str. (sections Asterothrix, Leontodon, and Thrincia) and Scorzoneroides (sections Kalbfussia and Oporinia). Instead of splitting Leontodon into even a higher number of segregate genera we propose to include Hedypnois into Leontodon s.str. and here into section Leontodon. Moreover, sections Asterothrix and Leontodon should be merged into a single section Leontodon. The newly defined genus Leontodon is characterised by the unique occurrence of hydroxyhypocretenolides. The monophyly of the genus Hypochaeris is neither supported nor contradicted and potentially comprises two separate molecular clades. The clade Hypochaeris I comprises the majority of the European and Mediterranean as well as all South American taxa of Hypochaeris s.l. while the clade Hypochaeris II encompasses only H. achyrophorus L., H. glabra L., H. laevigata Benth. & Hook.f., and H. radicata L.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
27 March 2012
Makbul S., Coskuncelebi K., Gültepe M., Okur S. & Güzel M. E. 2012: Scorzonera ahmet-duranii sp. nov. (Asteraceae) from southwest Anatolia, and its phylogenetic position. – Nordic J. Bot. 30: 2–11.
Abstract:
“Scorzonera ahmet-duranii S. Makbul & Coskuncelebi sp. nov. (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to Turkey. It is morphologically similar to S. semicana DC., but differs by its rootstock, deeply undulating basal leaves and glabrous achenes. Additionally, the size and micro-morphological properties of achenes and some anatomical traits of the leaf and stem are helpful in distinguishing these closely related taxa. A phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequence data showed that S. semicana is the sister species of the new taxon presented in this study.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
21 February 2012
Liu Y., Tao D. & Yang Q.-E. 2012: Karyology of the genus Faberia (Cichorieae – Asteraceae) and its systematic implications. – Nordic J. Bot. 29: xxx–xxx.
Abstract:
“Faberia Hemsl., a small genus of six species in the tribe Cichorieae, Asteraceae, has been karyologically investigated for the first time. All four studied species were revealed to have the somatic chromosome number 2n = 34, and thus the basic number of the genus was assumed to be x = 17. This rather high basic number has been previously reported very rarely in the tribe, occurring otherwise only in Warionia Benth. & Coss., a monospecific genus endemic to northwestern Africa, and in the American species of Lactuca L. The chromosome morphology was very similar among the four species, with the majority being median centromeric (m) and a few submedian centromeric (sm). In all the karyotypes the chromosomes were medium-sized (6.33–1.61 μm), and showed a steady gradation in length from the longest to the shortest, with no evidence of bimodality. Our results strongly support the recognition of Faberia as an independent genus and the inclusion of Faberiopsis Shih & Y. L. Chen in Faberia.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
16 February 2012
Mayol M., Palau C., Rossello J. A., González-Martínez S. C., Molins A. & Riba M. 2012: Patterns of genetic variability and habitat occupancy in Crepis triasii (Asteraceae) at different spatial scales: insights on evolutionary processes leading to diversification in continental islands. – Ann. Bot. 109: 429–441.
Abstract:
“Background and Aims Archipelagos are unique systems for studying evolutionary processes promoting diversification and speciation. The islands of the Mediterranean basin are major areas of plant richness, including a high proportion of narrow endemics. Many endemic plants are currently found in rocky habitats, showing varying patterns of habitat occupancy at different spatial scales throughout their range. The aim of the present study was to understand the impact of varying patterns of population distribution on genetic diversity and structure to shed light on demographic and evolutionary processes leading to population diversification in Crepis triasii, an endemic plant from the eastern Balearic Islands.
Methods Using allozyme and chloroplast markers, we related patterns of genetic structure and diversity to those of habitat occupancy at a regional (between islands and among populations within islands) and landscape (population size and connectivity) scale.
Key Results Genetic diversity was highly structured both at the regional and at the landscape level, and was positively correlated with population connectivity in the landscape. Populations located in small isolated mountains and coastal areas, with restricted patterns of regional occupancy, were genetically less diverse and much more differentiated. In addition, more isolated populations had stronger fine-scale genetic structure than well-connected ones. Changes in habitat availability and quality arising from marine transgressions during the Quaternary, as well as progressive fragmentation associated with the aridification of the climate since the last glaciation, are the most plausible factors leading to the observed patterns of genetic diversity and structure.
Conclusions Our results emphasize the importance of gene flow in preventing genetic erosion and maintaining the evolutionary potential of populations. They also agree with recent studies highlighting the importance of restricted gene flow and genetic drift as drivers of plant evolution in Mediterranean continental islands.”
————————————————————————————————————————–
8 February 2012
Krahulcová A., Raabe U. & Krahulec F. 2012: Prozesse innerhalb hybridisierender Pilosella-Populationen: P. aurantiaca und P. officinarum in Hagen (Nordrhein-Westfalen) [Processes within hybridising Pilosella populations: P. aurantiaca and P. officinarum in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany)]. – Kochia 6: 123–141.
Abstract:
“The hybridising population is comprised of two tetraploid morphologically distinct species, namely the introduced facultatively apomictic P. aurantiaca and the native sexual P. officinarum, and of their recent hybrids, both tetraploid and hexaploid. The hybrid swarm, first found in 1990, is growing on nutrient-poor fallow land, but the meadow was occasionally mown in the past. A wide spectrum of coexisting hybrid morphotypes has practically been unchanged over twenty years, involving the morphotypes (1) more close to P. aurantiaca (corresponding to P. rubra), (2) intermediate between parental species (P. stoloniflora) and (3) several different types more or less close to P. officinarum. Recently, the population structure was studied with respect to ploidy level, genome size, breeding system, chloroplast DNA haplotypes and isozyme phenotypes. The hybrid corresponding to P. rubra is hexaploid with a variable reproductive mode, producing a considerable amount of sexual/polyhaploid progeny in addition to true apomictic progeny. Its seed fertility is reduced. The genotype structure and DNA content in this hexaploid suggest a repeated origin via 2n + n hybridisation of P. aurantiaca (maternal parent) and P. officinarum. The other coexisting hybrids (P. stoloniflora) are tetraploid and sexual. Two chloroplast DNA haplotypes were found in P. officinarum at this locality, one of them shared with P. aurantiaca. The capture of a haplotype typical of P. aurantiaca by plants of P. officinarum supports backcrosses to P. officinarum. The different genome size (DNA content in the monoploid chromosome set) in the putative parental species, P. aurantiaca and P. officinarum, is reflected in their homoploid hybrids which have different proportions of parental genomes. Thus, a multistep hybridisation (backcrosses to P. officinarum) was suggested according to morphological characters of the tetraploid hybrids, this was supported using both the genome size data and haplotype structure. ”
————————————————————————————————————————–